Dr. Rudine Sims Bishop, often referred to as the “mother of multicultural children’s literature,” introduced the powerful concept of books as mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors in 1990. Her theory emphasizes the transformative role of literature in shaping a child’s worldview and self-concept:
• Mirrors: Books that reflect the reader’s own experiences, culture, or identity, allowing them to see themselves in the story.
• Windows: Books that provide a view into someone else’s experiences, culture, or identity, fostering empathy and understanding.
• Sliding Glass Doors: Books that invite readers to step into another world or perspective, immersing themselves in experiences different from their own.
In today’s diverse world, educators and parents can use Bishop’s framework to select books that both affirm a child’s identity and broaden their horizons. Here are three picture books that align with her theory and an activity to deepen students’ engagement with these ideas.
Last Stop on Market Street by Matt de la Peña, illustrated by Christian Robinson
Category: Mirror and Window
This award-winning story follows a young boy, CJ, and his grandmother as they ride the bus across town. Along the way, CJ learns to see beauty in everyday experiences and people who may live differently from him.
Why it Works:
• For children from urban or multicultural communities, this book can serve as a mirror, reflecting their own lives and family dynamics.
• For others, it acts as a window, providing a glimpse into urban life and the importance of community and gratitude.
Eyes That Kiss in the Corners by Joanna Ho, illustrated by Dung Ho
Category: Mirror and Window
This poetic story celebrates a young Asian girl’s unique beauty and cultural heritage. She draws strength and pride from her family’s shared features and their cultural connection.
Why it Works:
• For Asian children, this book serves as a powerful mirror, affirming their identity and beauty.
• For children outside this culture, it’s a window, fostering appreciation for diversity and individuality.
We Are Water Protectors by Carole Lindstrom, illustrated by Michaela Goade
Category: Sliding Glass Door
This lyrical book, inspired by Indigenous-led environmental movements, shares the story of a young girl protecting her community’s water from harm.
Why it Works:
• This book invites readers to step through a sliding glass door, immersing them in the values and activism of Indigenous cultures.
• It also inspires readers to think about their relationship with the environment and the importance of stewardship.
Activity: “Mirror, Window, or Sliding Glass Door?” Reflection Chart
After reading one or more of these books, have students complete a reflection activity that connects their personal experiences to Bishop’s theory.
Instructions:
1. Create a three-column chart with the headings Mirror, Window, and Sliding Glass Door.
2. Ask students to write or draw:
• How the book reflects their own life (Mirror).
• What they learned about a different life or culture (Window).
• How the book allowed them to imagine stepping into someone else’s perspective (Sliding Glass Door).
3. Encourage students to share their reflections with classmates, fostering a discussion about diversity, empathy, and understanding.
Conclusion: The Power of Diverse Literature
Dr. Rudine Sims Bishop’s framework reminds us that literature is more than entertainment—it’s a tool for understanding ourselves and the world around us. By sharing books that serve as mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors, we can help students celebrate their identities while building empathy for others.
What are your favorite books to use as mirrors, windows, or sliding glass doors? Let us know in the comments below!